Since part of the G1 quests involve forays into Ciar and Fiodh Dungeon, you may find out that the typical strategy of "rush the Golem and kill it before it kills you" doesn't work anymore when outside of Ciar Beginner.
To those of you having trouble, I have come up with a simple set of rules for killing a Golem.
1. Start off with a combo (or a smash, if you're using a two-handed weapon).
2. After comboing/smashing, immediately load fire bolt.
3. If the Golem does not activate a skill, immediately hit it with the fire bolt to give yourself distance. Otherwise, you may be caught by the shockwave if it decides to smash the ground. This is why Counter is too risky a move to use if the Golem has no skill activated.
4. If the Golem does activate a skill, cancel your fire bolt and run away for a short distance so you're out of immediate range from its shockwave. Learning how far this distance is takes trial and error. After you're out of range, go into Defense. While doing all this, look at the Golem's skill bubble.
5. If the Golem decides to smash the ground, you shouldn't take any damage because Defense forces you to walk.
6. If the skill bubble stops and the Golem doesn't move, he's Countering. Switch into Counter and see what he does next. If the Golem decides to smash the ground, you can deactivate and reactivate Counter to conserve stamina. Do this at your own risk. At some point, the Golem will run at you with a regular attack. After knocking him back with your Counter, charge up a fire bolt and see what he does next.
7. If the Golem starts walking towards you, he's Defending. Let him have it with a Smash and load a fire bolt immediately afterwards.
8. If the skill bubble continues to pulsate, the Golem is about to Smash and will quickly run towards you. Immediately cancel your Defend and use this opportunity to interrupt him with a regular combo, charging up a fire bolt afterwards.
Two important things to remember - always give yourself a way out (don't be trapped behind a wall or have other enemies obstruct your movement), and know how to operate the camera well enough so that you can switch between panning upwards to see the Golem and downwards to make it easier to walk.
One more thing I should point out. This guide cannot guarantee damage-free Golem sessions. There are times when the Golem WILL hurt you, like in Kitaek's scenario where the Golem runs towards your counter but then switches to a ground smash. However, if this happens then immediately knock it back with a fire bolt and pot up only when it's safe to do so. Hopefully you can prevent the Golem from finishing you off in your weakened state.